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- Conference PaperDoing CSCW research with small and medium enterprises(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Schorch, MarénSmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) are often described as “the backbone of the European economy” (Annual report on European SMEs 2014/2015), counting about 22 million active SMEs in 2014 and employing almost 90 million people (ibidem). You can find various branches and fields, including diverse examples such as IT start-ups, shops, metalworking, and the ancillary industry. Many successful, long-standing SMEs have already experienced multiple socio-economic changes and phases of transformation like the “third industrial revolution” with the integration of automatisation and information and communication technologies (ICT). Many companies have faced the so-called “industry 4.0” development and the correlated digitalisation processes within the last decade. Since the start of the ongoing Covid19 pandemic in early 2020, some of these processes were accelerated (home office, coving phases of quarantine, shift to e-commerce etc.), and some additional aspects like delivery problems, loss of orders, sales collabs, absence of personnel) are an enduring challenge for many SMEs. These issues are interesting from a CSCW perspective: How do the involved actors in the companies deal with such challenges and processes of digitalisation and technological transformation? How do the different stakeholders cooperate on an intra-, inter-, and external level (meaning within the respective SME, with their collaborative partners and providers of infrastructure etc.), especially in times of crisis? In the masterclass, you will zoom into SMEs, learn about crucial concepts connected with the outlined issues above, discuss methodological approaches, and engage stakeholders for cooperation when conducting research and design projects in this practical field.
- Conference PaperSketchnoting(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Struzek, DavidAs a result of the pandemic situation, we have increasingly shifted our professional context to the digital world and consequently increased the amount of work in front of and with computers. Conferences, staff meetings, collaboration with research partners, and user research have mostly taken place online without informal exchanges. The essential data collection and protocoling for researchers can quickly become stressful due to the monotonous nature of the work, on the receiving side as well as on the transmitting side. Sketchnoting can be a helpful method for documenting information creatively and visually. Words and pictures are combined to better illustrate contexts, to explain facts more easily and to retain content longer or to deliver it in a sustainable way. This masterclass introduces the basics of the sketchnoting method as well as the psychological background and approaches. Practical exercises will be used to get to know the method and to discuss its use in socioinformatics and qualitative research contexts.
- Conference PaperIntroduction to Practice-centred Computing(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Pinatti de Carvalho, Aparecido FabianoPractice-centred computing has been at the heart of much of past and current Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. Paying attention to people’s practices in context has proved to be essential to understand what types of support they would need in particular situations and think of innovative technological solutions for them. In this masterclass, the ontological and epistemological foundations of practice-centred computing will be introduced and discussed. Special attention will be dedicated to the Grounded Design (GD) research paradigm, a praxeological worldview focusing on investigating the quality of technological artefacts by the understanding of how human practices change, as people engage in using and appropriating them. In particular, the masterclass will address different methods and methodologies that can be used within this paradigm, and how these methods and methodologies can be systematically organised within a research framework, which can be instrumentally used for the design of useful and usable computer technologies.
- Conference PaperPractising Thematic Analysis: From In-Depth Qualitative Data to Implications for Design(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Pinatti de Carvalho, Aparecido FabianoMuch of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Human- Computer Interaction (HCI) research and practice is noticeably grounded on deep understandings of users’ contexts and practices. In order to achieve such understandings, assorted socio-scientific qualitative methods for data collection – e.g., in- depth interview, ethnographic observation and focus group – and analysis – e.g., discourse analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis – have been appropriated and used within these fields. In this masterclass, participants will be introduced to a particular approach to thematic analysis (TA), which has been instrumental in many CSCW and HCI projects. The masterclass will particularly focus on how TA can be successfully used to move from rich qualitative data towards empirically grounded implications for design to orient the conceptualisation and development of new and innovative computer technologies. By means of a practical exercise, consisted of thematically analysing an interview transcript collaboratively, participants will have the opportunity to go through all the phases of the referred approach and understand how it can help them demonstrate rigour in the generation of implications for design.
- Conference PaperQualitative Methods in CSCW(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Schorch, MarénQualitative methods like open or semi-structured interviews and participant observation, focus groups, design workshops, or cultural probes have been essential parts of many research and design projects in CSCW. Most of these methods have their origins in sociology, social sciences, and anthropology. In contrast to quantitative studies, the aim of qualitative empirical studies is not to test a theory or hypothesis but to openly explore and meet the complexity of cooperative and collaborative practices in the respective setting. Doing qualitative research in CSCW is exciting but time-consuming and demanding, especially if such methods have not been part of your academic curriculum. Since the Covid19 pandemic started, the basic premise for fieldwork “on the ground” has also been challenged. Over time, we had to adapt and expand our methodological spectrum with online interviews, cultural probes (Gaver et al. 2004), etc. This masterclass aims at imparting knowledge about qualitative methods, related frameworks such as ethnography (among others Randall et al., 2007; Hammersley and Atkinson, 2007) and Grounded Theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967), and explicitly diverse options for data collection, preparation, and data analysis. We will discuss a larger spectrum of possible methods and how to take one’s pick, depending on the respective research and design interest.
- Conference PaperExploring Human-Centered AI in Healthcare: Diagnosis, Explainability, and Trust(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Ontika, Nazmun Nisat; Syed, Hussain Abid; Saßmannshausen, Sheree May; Harper, Richard HR; Chen, Yunan; Park, Sun Young; Grisot, Miria; Chow, Astrid; Blaumer, Nils; Pinatti de Carvalho, Aparecido Fabiano; Pipek, VolkmarAI has become an increasingly active area of research over the past few years in healthcare. Nevertheless, not all research advancements are applicable in the field as there are only a few AI solutions that are actually deployed in medical infrastructures or actively used by medical practitioners. This can be due to various reasons as the lack of a human-centered approach for the or non-incorporation of humans in the loop. In this workshop, we aim to address the questions relevant to human-centered AI solutions associated with healthcare by exploring different human-centered approaches for designing AI systems and using image-based datasets for medical diagnosis. We aim to bring together researchers and practitioners in AI, human-computer interaction, healthcare, etc., and expedite the discussions about making usable systems that will be more comprehensible and dependable. Findings from our workshop may serve as ‘terminus a quo’ to significantly improve AI solutions for medical diagnosis.
- Conference PaperRevisiting Patient-Clinician Interaction in 2022: Challenges from the Field and Opportunities for Future Research(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Nunes, Francisco; Verdezoto, Nervo; Andersen, Tariq; Matthiesen, Stina; Chung, Chia-Fang; Park, Sun Young; Seo, Woosuk; Studenic, PaulThe goal of this workshop is to revisit the concept of patient-clinician interaction, a classical concept of CSCW research in healthcare. While the CSCW community has been working on patient-clinician interaction for decades, the last years have seen a number of changes to care provision, motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the strong uptake of remote care technologies, or the introduction of patient-generated data technologies. Recent advancements in Artifcial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare also promise to impact patient-clinician interactions as we know it. For all these reasons, the workshop will engage in participatory discussions to take stock, analyse challenges from the feld, refect on opportunities for technologies, and craft future research agendas for CSCW research in healthcare.
- Conference PaperRobots in heterogeneous contexts: Negotiation of co-creative lifelong learning spaces through participatory approaches(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Paluch, Richard; Cerna, Katerina; Volkova, Galina; Seidler, Michael; Weiler, Tim; Obaid, Mohammad; Müller, ClaudiaLearning is inherently social. This raises several questions that relate to how contexts and spaces can mediate co-creative learning. In this workshop proposal, we refer to the interrelated aspects of space, learning, and embodiment and how these aspects mediate the human-robot interaction. Our assumption is that robots are interpreted variously and used in different ways. We are interested in the interrelation between interpretation and use, which are constitutive for the establishment of different co-creative learning spaces. Reflecting on this leads to an understanding of what to look for in Participatory Design studies. It matters, for example, whether persons in a nursing home have any say at all in how robots are perceived and in what technical practices robots are to be integrated and adopted. This is a crucial aspect for the appropriation of technical artifacts and for the development of new (E)CSCW or HCI paradigms.
- Conference PaperCSCW and Algorithmic Systems(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Lampinen, Airi; Møller, Naja Holten; Sheikh, Riyaz; Ammitzbøll Flügge, Asbjørn; Kaltenhäuser, Kristin; Cakici, BakiThe European Union announced recently that Europe should be a global hub and leader in the development of Artifcial Intelligence (AI) that guarantees safety and fundamental rights (European Commission (2021)). In this workshop, we investigate how we can approach this challenge from the perspective of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). Starting with a general conceptual focus on algorithmic systems and their increasing role in society, we are particularly interested in such systems in and as organisations, and the questions that come up when investigating them as part of complex, cooperative work practices. The full-day workshop, designed for up to 20 participants, advances a CSCW-perspective on algorithmic/AI systems by bringing together researchers within (and where possible beyond) the CSCW community who study algorithmic systems, with the aim of sharing ongoing research and connecting participants with others who share their research interests.
- Conference PaperBuilding Appropriate Trust in Human-AI Interactions(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Alizadeh, Fatemeh; Stevens, Gunnar; Vereschak, Oleksandra; Bailly, Gilles; Caramiaux, Baptiste; Pins, DominikAI (artificial intelligence) systems are increasingly being used in all aspects of our lives, from mundane routines to sensitive decision-making and even creative tasks. Therefore, an appropriate level of trust is required so that users know when to rely on the system and when to override it. While research has looked extensively at fostering trust in human-AI interactions, the lack of standardized procedures for human-AI trust makes it difficult to interpret results and compare across studies. As a result, the fundamental understanding of trust between humans and AI remains fragmented. This workshop invites researchers to revisit existing approaches and work toward a standardized framework for studying AI trust to answer the open questions: (1) What does trust mean between humans and AI in different contexts? (2) How can we create and convey the calibrated level of trust in interactions with AI? And (3) How can we develop a standardized framework to address new challenges?